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The democratic state and religous pluralism
(University of Peradeniya, 2012) Udagama, Deepika
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An assessment of emergency prepardness of secondary and tertiary care institutions of Sri Lanka
(University of Peradeniya, 2008) Kumara, K. W. S.
Sri Lanka is a country which faces frequent man made as well as natural disasters. Although every hospital needs a mass casualty management plan, little information exists about the availability of a proper pl The aim of this study was to describe the mass casualty incidents experienced by secondary and tertiary health care institutions in Sri Lanka and to assess the current situation of preparedness to manage a rush of casualties. This was a descriptive study. All secondary and tertiary care hospitals in Sri Lanka were assessed using a closed ended mailed questionnaire. Statistical processing of the data was done using SPSS and Microsoft office Excel software and data analysis was done by descriptive statistics. Out of the 43 secondary and tertiary care institutions, 37 responded to the questionnaire. (86%) Results show that about 97% of hospitals have a past experience with emergency situations .Road traffic accidents (25.18%), bomb blasts (16.55%), droughts (12.95%) and floods (12.23%) are the commonest incidents where casualties were brought to the hospitals. The majority of hospitals (54%) have disaster preparedness plans. 45% of institutions with a proper plan do not have adequate resources and only 55% of the staff is fully aware of the plan. Only 30% have a hospital evacuation plan. Only 45% of hospitals with a proper plan have mobile teams and 95% of them do triage. 49% of all institutions have a‘link with the regional disaster plan. Majority (53%) of all hospitals, regardless of having a plan or not, give information to the public by news briefings Current status of preparedness for a rush of mass casualties is inadequate in secondary and tertiary health care institutions in Sri Lanka.
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An assessment of drinking water quality of selected dug-wells within the Vavuniya urban council of Sri Lanka
(University of Peradeniya, 2010) Ravi, V.
This study details an investigation focusing on the assessment of groundwater quality of the Vavuniya Urban Council with the aim of providing suitable management solutions for improving water supply. This investigation focused on all the 9 GN divisions within the Vavuniya UC limits. Water quality of selected dug wells from the focal area were analyzed for some selected chemical parameters (Fluoride (4% of samples exceeds ' 1.5ppm), Total hardness (13% Of sample exceeds 600ppm), Iron, Nitrate, free residual chlorines) and fecal coliform contamination (98% of samples exceeds SLS). The results indicate that the ground water quality of the centre of the UC (Vairavapuliyankulam, Thandikkulam GN divisions) is poor. Also some parts of the Moontrumurippu (Thonikkal), Patanichippuliyankulam are also found to be having poor water quality. In all of the GN divisions, it was found that the dug-well water is contaminated with fecal coliform. However, the tube well water quality is recommendable for the drinking purposes. With regards to water consumption patterns it has been found that, about 25.5% of households in the study area use bottled water, 22.2% of householders use alternative water sources, and, 79% of the people use their own dug well for their drinking purposes’. About 52.2% of the dug wells in the study area are located less than 50 feet from a toilet pit. About 60% of the households have been affected by water borne related diseases within the last six months. About 77.7% of the people of the households investigated are neither aware nor concerned of the quality of their drinking water. Therefore, the results indicate the need for a properly planned and carefully executed integrated water resources management system for water supply in this regard. Further, the community awareness on water quality should also be increased using appropriate sociological strategies.
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Assessment of engineering geological conditions of Moragolla hydropower project, Sri Lanka
(University of Peradeniya, 2015) Dissanayake, D. M. T. D.
Moragolla hydropower project is a run-off the river hydropower scheme with 35m high roller-compacted concrete (RCC) dam , 2.9 km long head race tunnel and a power house with expected capacity of 26.5 MW . A feasibility study was conducted in 2009/2010 to obtain subsurface geological information of dam site , tunnel trace and power house. Assessment of the possible complications and optimize the results of the feasibility study was required. Hence , an assessment of engineering geological conditions and an account of expected complications are discussed during the present study. This study focusses on assessing engineering geological condition in terms of stability of dam foundation, water tightness of dam foundation, kinematic stability of excavation slopes, subsurface geological condition of both proposed and finalized tunnel traces, stability of finalized tunnel and subsurface geological condition of the foundation of power house. Geological cross section was prepared along the dam axis. Lugeon values were plotted on a cross section along dam axis and values were contoured to create zones of similar permeability. Kinematic stability of dam abutments was analyzed using DIPANALYST using major discontinuity sets. Intake and outfall of both proposed and the finalized tunnel traces were assessed using the longitudinal sections prepared using borehole data . Cross sections were prepared perpendicular to the finalized tunnel trace. Longitudinal section along finalized tunnel trace was prepared. Finalized tunnel trace was sub dived in to three tunnel sections based on the trend of the tunnel. UNWEDGE 5.0 was utilized to determine potential unstable wedges in each tunnel section. Geological cross section shows an inconstant bed rock in the left bank. Dam foundation is mostly impermeable except few slightly permeable rock masses in the left bank and in the upper right bank. Rock slopes on both left and right banks are kinematically stable. Thick overburden was observed in both tunnel intakes. Overburden thickness of proposed tunnel outfall is 27m. Hard rock was encountered at 6 m in finalized tunnel outfall. Kinematic analysis results eight possible wedges in finalized tunnel. Hard rock level in power house is 11m. Large excavation may be required in the left bank. Also excavation boundaries may intercept with the industrial zone. Hence , it is recommended to shift the dam axis 50m downstream and conduct detailed geotechnical investigation. Both tunnel intakes are not geologically feasible for tunneling. Therefore it is recommended to shift the tunnel intake downstream of the dam site. Outfall area of the finalized tunnel is geologically feasible. However it recommended to conduct geological investigation along the penstock path. Site for surge shaft in the proposed tunnel trace is engineering geologically suitable than the surge shaft site in the finalized tunnel trace . Inter-banded quartzite layers can be intercepted between 1+200 km and 2+000 km of finalized tunnel. Wedge analyses of indicate all three tunnel sections are structurally stable apart from few possible wedge formations on the roof. Deep excavation may be required for the foundation of the power house. Slope stability problems and ground water seepage problems may occur in power house site.
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Assessment of disaster management practices in Sri Lanka : lessons from 2003 flood and landslide
(University of Peradeniya, 2008) Hettiarachchi, N. D.
Disasters have been closely interlinked with the human society and environment since the dawn of the civilization. The rapid martial-intensive growth patterns of the twentieth century have adversely affected the environment, which in turn has made many countries especially in developing countries more vulnerable to disasters. Over recent decades, there has been an alarming increase in the frequency of disaster occurrences each year and the magnitude of their social, economic and environmental impacts. It is currently revealed that disasters are becoming more frequent, more intense and more devastating and have struck the world more seriously. Disaster events in Sri Lanka have shown a clear increase in the last two decades. The country is seen to be exposed to risks from disasters like floods, landslides, cyclones, droughts, coastal erosions and recent event of tsunami. It is also prone to civil conflict, accident, deforestation and environment degradation as human made disasters. May 2003 flood and December 2004 tsunami are indicating very high magnitude and intensity and they have resulted in causing immense damages to the country ever reported in the history. This situation prevailing in Sri Lanka has compelled the government to take risk mitigation actions related to natural disasters along with human made disasters. 2003 flood and 2004 tsunami highlighted the government to persuade for establishment of a comprehensive mechanism to cope up impact of such events and to reduce risks in possible threatening events. The study, taking into account these facts, points up to assess the existing disaster management situation and to find issues of the current polices, legal and institutional structures, procedures and operational arrangements of various organizations. The severe problems of the disasters, the country is experiencing frequently, is addressed to by various government and other agencies in different manner. The policy, practice and existing structure are not successful at all to address issues and challenges relating to disaster management in Sri Lanka. Over-lapping, inadequate coordination, lack of scientific involvement and not defining the roles and responsibilities are the main constraints to be addressed. Sri Lanka must, therefore, develop or modify polices, laws, organizational arrangements and plans at all levels to integrate disaster risk reduction. It is useful to note that legislation and institutionalization are not providing all the answers to disasters. What is needed is a plan that the government to be deeply committed to address issues of, ensuring community participation; effective early warning; preparedness for effective response at all levels; strengthening coordination among stakeholders; capacity building and knowledge management; and developing a culture and integrated approach for disaster management. This is the responsibility of entire country and national commitment should be expanded to the creation of a safer Sri Lanka through disaster reduction.